The formation of the 33rd government is expected to bring with it changes to Israel's compulsory military service and the sharing of the national burden. One of the major shifts if that combat troops' salary will increase to the current minimum wage, approximately 4,000 shekels (around $1,100), for their final year of service.

Also according to the draft agreement between the parties from coalition negotiations, a new conscription law would require most Israeli men to serve two years, as opposed to the current three. Women currently serve two. Combat troops, however, would continue to serve three years, with the aforementioned wage increase.

The reform arose from negotiations over the equality of the national burden, and is intended to be part of the final coalition agreements. According to the proposed law, the military will dictate according to its needs who will serve two years and who will serve three; most non-combat troops will serve two. The change will not be immediate, the shortening of service and raise in third year pay will be adjusted gradually over a few years.

What enabled the reform is the expected rise in number of ultra-Orthodox conscripts. According to the bill, the number of haredim who must serve will rise and yeshivas and the students who dodge the draft will face economic sanctions. The law stipulates that only 2,000 "persistent" students each year will be able to study at yeshivas with full subsidy from the state, while the rest will have to enlist in the Israel Defense Forces, perform civil service or study at the yeshivas without government funding.