Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif said on Saturday that demands by U.S President Donald Trump to change Tehran's nuclear deal with world powers were unacceptable.
Trump has said that unless European allies fix the "terrible flaws" in the Iran nuclear deal by May 12, he will refuse to extend U.S. sanctions relief for oil-producing Iran.
Zarif said Trump has always opposed the deal and U.N. Security Council Resolution 2231, which endorses the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, and has today excessive demands "which are neither acceptable to us nor to other members" of the accord.
The American president sees three defects in the agreement: a failure to address Iran's ballistic missile program; the terms under which international inspectors can visit suspect Iranian nuclear sites; and "sunset" clauses under which key limits on the Iranian nuclear program start to expire.
Meanwhile, French President Emmanuel Macron's talk this week of a "new deal with Iran" may not, in fact, represent anything new nor a deal with Iran.
Under the accord, Tehran agreed to limit its nuclear program in return for relief from U.S. and other economic sanctions.
Macron's "new deal," at first glance, appeared an effort to rebrand something already under discussion between the United States, Britain, France and Germany, to try to save the existing agreement.
"This is, indeed, consistent with what we have been talking about for six months,"aid a French official on condition of anonymity, adding that Macron hoped to persuade Trump to stay in the existing deal with the fix under discussion but also to keep the door open to further talks even if he abandons it.
"President Macron is correct in saying there's no 'Plan B' on JCPOA," Zarif tweeted. "It's either all or nothing. European leaders should encourage President Trump not just to stay in the nuclear deal, but more importantly to begin implementing his part of the bargain in good faith."
Negotiators among the United States as well as the three European powers have been working to try to finesse these issues so as to keep the U.S. in the agreement without driving Iran – which opposes any changes to the deal – out of it.
At a news conference with Trump on Tuesday, Macron said he wanted "to work on a new deal with Iran" to address four things: limiting Iran's nuclear program in the short term and long term, restraining its ballistic missile activities and curbing what the West sees as its destabilizing behavior in the Middle East.
On Wednesday, however, Macron appeared to take a slightly different tack, saying a "rational analysis of all President Trump's statements does not lead me to believe that he will do everything to stay in the JCPOA."
Perhaps in reaction to Trump's opposition to the deal, Macron appeared to be trying to preserve space for diplomacy even if Trump revives U.S. sanctions on Iran in a few weeks.
"The impression I get is that … he simply wanted to preserve some kind of perspective of a political process even if there is a negative decision on May 12," said the diplomat.
The diplomat suggested that Macron hoped to limit the hard feelings that would be created by Trump's withdrawal from the JCPOA and to "keep, somehow, the door open" for further talks.
Such talks, however, would in all probability be among the United States and the three European powers, but not with China or Russia, let alone with Iran.
"I think he was talking more about a supplemented deal than a new deal," said Robert Einhorn, a nonproliferation specialist at the Brookings Institution. "He knows that President Trump would prefer the deal to be new, so I think that's how he characterized it, but I think what he is really talking about is embedding the existing JCPOA in a broader package.
"While Trump and the Europeans may talk about enlisting the support of others, I don't think there is any realistic hope of getting the Russians, Chinese or Iranians to try to sign on to any aspect of this broader package," Einhorn added.
