In a brightly lit classroom in Gaza, a teacher spells out Hebrew words on a whiteboard, followed attentively by Maher Al-Farra and dozens of other Palestinians hoping to take advantage of an opening up of employment opportunities in Israel.
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Increased demand for the classes at the Nafha languages center follows a new offer of work permits by Israel as it has moved to calm border tensions following Operation Guardian of the Walls against Hamas infrastructure in May 2021.
It now offers 10,000 permits allowing Gaza residents to cross the border to work in Israel – a new source of income to a region where 64% of the population is estimated to live in poverty and unemployment runs at 50%.
Ahmed Al-Faleet, the center's owner, said the number of people enlisted to learn Hebrew has increased four-fold to reach 160 students per course since Israel began giving work permits in the last quarter of 2021.
Video: Reuters
"These courses allow anyone who gets a permit to read signs, documents written in Hebrew, and communicate with [soldiers] on Israeli checkpoints. If an employer speaks only Hebrew it enables the worker to deal with him," he told Reuters.
Some 2.3 million Gazans live in the narrow coastal strip, largely unable to leave to seek work abroad. Gaza also borders Egypt, which imposes its own restrictions on crossings.
Before the Second Intifada erupted in 2000, some 130,000 Gazans worked in Israel. Palestinians said Israel had in 2005 barred laborers after pulling troops and settlers from Gaza.
No one expects the cautious increase in the number of work permits to end the long-running conflict between Israel and Hamas.
But for the dozens of workers and merchants enrolled in the class at Nafha, the change offers the prospect of earning, in Israel, the equivalent of a week's wages in Gaza.
"I came here today to learn Hebrew so I can handle things at my work inside [Israel] easily," Farra told Reuters.
Head of the IDF's Coordination and Liaison Administration for Gaza, Col. Moshe Tetro, said the new jobs would improve Gaza's economy and "would also serve calm and security stability."
Eassam Daalis, a senior Hamas official, said Israel was eventually expected to offer 30,000 work permits, which economists say could allow workers to earn an average of 500 shekels ($156) a day, equivalent to what some can earn a week working in Gaza.
"Every week I go back home happy to my family with 2,000 shekels [$625]. I also give to my mother and my father," said Jamil Abdallah, 31, from Jabalya in northern Gaza.
Gaza economist Mohammad Abu Jayyab noted that the offer of permits was one of a series of economic steps agreed under a political settlement brokered by Egyptian, Qatari and United Nations negotiators following Operation Guardian of the Walls.
"These are not unilateral Israeli initiatives," he said.
With tensions brewing over clashes between Jewish and Palestinian residents of east Jerusalem and Judea and Samaria, the situation could change quickly.
Israel has tied the offer of more openness to improved security following May's war and has accused Hamas of investing in building its fighting capabilities rather than resolving the humanitarian problems facing Gaza.
"If the security situation remains stable and calm the state of Israel would open up more and more," said Tetro.
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