Documents obtained by the Financial Times provide the first evidence of Moscow engaging Tehran on nuclear knowledge. Jim Lamson, a former CIA analyst, told the outlet that Tehran's experts were "seeking laser technology and expertise that could help them validate a nuclear weapon design without conducting a nuclear explosive test".

Iran insists its program is peaceful, while Russia opposes a nuclear-armed Islamic Republic. Before the US and Israel bombed Iran's facilities in June, Washington believed weaponization remained deactivated but noted shortened timelines for potential bomb construction.

DamavandTec, an SPND front company, arranged the St Petersburg travel for Iranian laser specialists last November, documents reviewed by the Financial Times show. They met with Laser Systems, a US-sanctioned Russian firm working on dual-use technology.

Ali Kalvand and DamavandTec had organized previous meetings using diplomatic passports, an August Financial Times investigation found. The US State Department sanctioned them in October for attempting "to procure items applicable to the development of nuclear explosive devices from foreign suppliers" and noting they had "facilitated travel for Iranian nuclear experts to Russia".

Kalvand arranged this second trip following an invitation from Laser Systems director Dmitry Vasilyev for "technological collaboration". While the invitation addressed DamavandTec employees, records reviewed by the Financial Times identify the visitors as physicists from defense-linked Iranian universities.

Andrey Savin of Laser Systems visited Tehran in February 2025 to meet SPND affiliates. Laser Systems holds FSB permits for work on state secrets. DamavandTec operates as a procurement broker for restricted components, according to the US State Department.

The Financial Times previously reported DamavandTec's attempts to acquire tritium for boosting warhead yields. Iran denies seeking weapons. Nicole Grajewski of Carnegie Endowment told the outlet the meetings offer "strong evidence that Russia was assisting Iran in its nuclear weapons-related research, with state-affiliated Russian institutions providing dual-use technology and knowledge transfer".

"This activity looks like it is state sanctioned at a high level on the Russian and Iranian sides," Grajewski added. These revelations follow US-Israeli strikes that damaged but did not destroy Iran's infrastructure, despite Donald Trump claiming the program was "obliterated".

Late September saw the enforcement of penalties after France, Germany, and the UK activated a "snapback" mechanism, referencing Iran's "significant non-performance" of its nuclear commitments.

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Through this decision, Spain enters a considerable list of other nations that already declared similar sanctions against the two ministers this past June. The countries in question include the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Norway. Ben-Gvir reacted to the announcement by suggesting Madrid let Gazans who want to leave immigrate to Spain, writing in Spanish: "No me dejen entrar amí... a los de Gaza, denles entrada libre a España" (Don't let me in... to those from Gaza, give them free entry to Spain). The plan to have Gazans relocate voluntarily has been met by opposition by many countries, who view this as illegal, although Israel said this is never going to be imposed on the population.

Those nations attributed the sanctions to "incitement to violence against Palestinians" carried out by Ben-Gvir and Smotrich. The official statement at the time asserted that Ben-Gvir and Smotrich were "responsible for incitement, promotion, and support of activity that constitutes a serious violation of the human right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, especially acts of aggression and violence against Palestinians in the West Bank."

On Monday, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez stated that Spain "will increase the pressure" on Israel by forbidding ships and planes transporting weapons to Israel from docking at Spanish ports or entering Spanish airspace. He also announced the recalling of the ambassador.

Spain will also boost its assistance to the Palestinian Authority and the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) and will place an embargo on goods manufactured in Israeli settlements in the "occupied" Palestinian territories, he said.

Minister of Foreign Affairs Gideon Sa'ar stated in a declaration that Sánchez is attempting to deflect public focus from his internal corruption scandals and described his measures as "antisemitic."

Israel reacted by barring Minister of Labor and Social Economy Yolanda Díaz and Minister of Youth and Children Sira Rego, both from the junior far-left Sumar coalition partner, from entering Israel.

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New satellite imagery of the Natanz enrichment plant shows that Iran has in last week removed and dispersed nearly all of the "chillers" from the two HVAC buildings at the Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz," Albright wrote in a post on X.

New satellite imagery of the Natanz enrichment plant shows that Iran has in last week removed and dispersed nearly all of the "chillers" from the two HVAC buildings at the Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz. The 24 chillers in total are being dispersed throughout the inside of the…

— David Albright (@DAVIDHALBRIGHT1) September 1, 2025

Albright, one of the leading experts on the Iranian nuclear issue, explained that the Iranians are utilizing the interim period when the facility is not operational. "The purpose of this removal and dispersal being that they are of high value, and since there is no electric power due to the Israeli bombings, and the centrifuges are currently inoperable, this is a tactic to make the chillers less vulnerable to future aerial bombardment in the interim."

Recent satellite imagery of the Natanz enrichment plant shows that Iran has in the last week removed and dispersed nearly all of the "chillers" from the two HVAC buildings at the Fuel Enrichment Plant at Natanz. Nineteen out of 24 chillers in total have been dispersed throughout… pic.twitter.com/V6lYYAl6Jb

— David Albright (@DAVIDHALBRIGHT1) September 2, 2025

He stated that some of the chillers were positioned on helicopter landing pads, others were relocated to the water purification facility area, and the remainder were scattered in various places throughout the complex. This, in light of the fact that the US exploited the ventilation systems of the Fordo nuclear site in its effort to compromise the underground enrichment halls beneath the mountain when it bombed the site with B-2 aircraft.

Natanz, situated approximately 250 kilometers (155 miles) south of Tehran, formed the core of the Iranian nuclear program with around 18,000 centrifuges. The Israeli and American strikes inflicted severe damage on the facility. The International Atomic Energy Agency assessed at the war's outset that the impact on the surface facilities disabled the power grid and damaged the centrifuges in the subterranean halls. Subsequent American attacks later struck these halls directly.

The hurried evacuation at Natanz is taking place amid the escalating nuclear crisis. Since the war began, Iran has denied access to inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency who sought to visit the attacked facilities. This denial was a key factor that prompted Britain, France, and Germany last week to trigger the "snapback" mechanism, which will reimpose international sanctions within 30 days.

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Pillay, along with two additional members of the biased Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory resigned on Monday after the Trump administration chose to place sanctions on the UN Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese over her justifying of terrorism and other anti-Israel actions, including insensitive Holocaust comments.

Israel Hayom discovered that the main reason for the resignation is Pillay's concern that she won't be able to visit her daughter, Isvari Pather, who lives in New York.

Pillay, recognized for her substantial animosity toward Israel, was appointed by the Human Rights Council following Operation Guardian of the Walls to lead the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

Through this work, Pillay has routinely presented findings to the International Criminal Court in The Hague (ICC) – collaboration that the Trump administration considers an "attack on America."

Consequently, Secretary of State Marco Rubio imposed individual sanctions last week on Francesca Albanese, the UN Special Rapporteur on Palestine recognized as a Hamas supporter, because of her ICC cooperation. Among other measures, she was prohibited from entering the United States.

Pillay maintained even stronger connections with the Hague tribunal. She supervised an 18-person UN team that gathered "evidence" for use against Israel. Pillay also journeyed to The Hague to meet the court's deputy prosecutor, Nazhat Shameem Khan – who coincidentally or not appointed Pillay to her position in July 2021.

Now the Trump administration has transformed the game's rules. Based on information Israel Hayom received from a Western source familiar with the details, Pillay worried she wouldn't be able to visit her daughter, Isvari Pather, and her grandson, who reside in New York.

Given this situation, and likely due to concerns about additional sanctions repercussions, Pillay and the two other committee members resigned from their roles Monday night.

The group UN Watch disclosed Monday night that the three filed resignation letters. Pillay, the investigation committee chairwoman, explained the unexpected step by noting considerations of "age, medical problems and the burden of several additional commitments." Her colleagues, Miloon Kothari and Chris Sidoti, also filed resignation letters.

"The resignation of all three commissioners is long overdue," said Neuer. "This was a commission born in prejudice — mandated to investigate only Israel, while ignoring Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Palestinian Authority. Its members were selected precisely for their hostility to the Jewish state."

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The complete leadership structure of the United Nations' anti-Israel investigation committee crumbled this week as all three commissioners stepped down, following closely behind the Trump administration's sanctions against a pro-Hamas UN official, according to Washington Free Beacon reporting.

UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory chairwoman Navi Pillay, commissioner Miloon Kothari, and commissioner Chris Sidoti each announced their departures, according to watchdog organization UN Watch. The simultaneous resignations occurred less than seven days after Secretary of State Marco Rubio imposed sanctions on UN special rapporteur for the Palestinian territories Francesca Albanese.

Rubio targeted Albanese for what he characterized as her "illegitimate and shameful efforts to prompt [International Criminal Court] action against US and Israeli officials, companies, and executives," according to Washington Free Beacon sources. The sanctioned official had previously sent what the Washington Free Beacon described as "threatening letters" to numerous international corporations, warning them to sever business relationships with Israel or potentially face "criminal liability."

The wholesale departure of commissioners may signal the dissolution of the UN Commission of Inquiry itself, which was established in 2021 following requests from the Palestinian delegation and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation to investigate the "root causes" of the Israel-Palestinian conflict. Israeli supporters have consistently denounced the commission as demonstrating extreme prejudice, pointing to appointed leaders who have labeled Israel an "apartheid" state and accused Jewish people of media manipulation.

Although Pillay cited "age, medical issues, and the weight of several other commitments" as reasons for her resignation, UN Watch celebrated the departures and declared that the "architects of the UN's anti-Israel inquisition are fleeing the ship."

"The resignation of all three commissioners is long overdue," UN Watch executive director Hillel Neuer stated. "This was a commission born in prejudice – designed to target Israel, while ignoring Hamas, Hezbollah, and the Palestinian Authority. Its members were selected precisely for their hostility to the Jewish state."

The antagonism Neuer referenced encompasses Pillay's "apartheid" accusations against Israel and Kothari's assertion that social media remains "controlled largely by the Jewish lobby."

Albanese, the sanctioned UN official, has previously downplayed Hamas terrorism, alleged that the CIA and Mossad orchestrated the 2015 ISIS terrorist attack in Paris, and claimed the United States is "subjugated by the Jewish lobby."

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When they met on Monday and Tuesday, Trump and Netanyahu basked in the glow of their triumph over Iran. But the show of unity masked a divergence over their endgames in Iran, Gaza and the wider Middle East.

Both leaders have touted the success of last month's strikes on Iran's nuclear infrastructure, declaring they had set back a program they say aims at acquiring a nuclear bomb.

Yet, with intelligence assessments suggesting that Iran retains a hidden stockpile of enriched uranium and the technical capacity to rebuild, both Trump and Netanyahu know that their victory is more short-term than strategic, two diplomats say.

Where they diverge is on how to further pressure Iran, the diplomats said. Trump says his priority is to lean on diplomacy, pursuing a limited objective of ensuring Iran never develops a nuclear weapon – a goal Tehran has always denied pursuing.

In contrast, Netanyahu wants to use more force, a source familiar with the Israeli leader's thinking said, compelling Tehran – to the point of government collapse if necessary – into fundamental concessions on quitting a nuclear enrichment program seen by Israel as an existential threat.

The divide over Iran echoes the situation in the Gaza Strip.

Trump, eager to cast himself as a global peacemaker, is pushing for a new ceasefire between Israel and Hamas in the Palestinian territory, but the contours of any post-war deal remain undefined and the endgame uncertain.

Netanyahu, while publicly endorsing ceasefire talks, says he is committed to the total dismantling of Hamas, a strategic ally of Iran. The Israeli prime minister wants the remaining Hamas leadership deported, possibly to Algeria – a demand Hamas flatly rejects. The gap between a temporary pause and a lasting resolution remains wide, two Middle East officials say.

On Iran, Netanyahu was displeased to see Washington revive nuclear talks with Tehran expected in Norway this week, the first diplomatic overture since the strikes, said the person familiar with his thinking. He opposes any move that could give the Iranian authorities an economic and political lifeline.

The Libya Model

Netanyahu wants nothing less than the Libya model for Iran, the source said. That means Iran fully dismantling its nuclear and missile facilities under strict oversight, and renouncing uranium enrichment on its soil even for civilian needs.

Israel is seeking not diplomacy but regime change, Western and regional officials have said. And Netanyahu knows he needs at least a green light from the White House – if not direct backing – to carry out further operations if Tehran refuses to relinquish its nuclear ambitions, they said.

But Trump has different objectives, the diplomats said. After the June strikes, he sees an opportunity to press Iran to cut a deal and seize a grand diplomatic feat of restoring ties with Iran that has long eluded him, the diplomats said.

On Monday, Trump said he would like to lift sanctions on Iran at some point. And in an eye-catching post on X suggesting Tehran sees economic ties as a potential element in any deal, President Masoud Pezeshkian said on Monday that Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei believed American investors can come to Iran with "no obstacles to their activities."

Iranian rulers, however, face two unpalatable options – renewed strikes if they do not surrender their nuclear ambitions and humiliation at home if they do. That means they may try to make talks drag out, unwilling to fully quit their nuclear project and presenting a difficulty for a president impatient for a deal and its economic benefits for the US, Western and regional officials say.

For Israel, the fallback option is clear, the person familiar with Netanyahu's thinking said – a policy of sustained containment through periodic strikes to prevent any nuclear resurgence. In the wake of its air war against Iran, Israel has reasserted itself as the region's unrivaled military power, more willing than ever to use force and more capable of doing so with precision and relative impunity.

Washington, meanwhile, is hedging its bets. While Israeli and US hawks still hope for regime change in Tehran, Trump appears unwilling to shoulder the huge military, political and economic costs that such a project would demand.

Trump rapidly claimed victory after the US attack. And while he has said he would consider bombing Iran again if it continued to enrich uranium to worrisome levels, he has portrayed the June 22 operation as a bold, surgical one-off.

No Boots on the Ground

His repeated declarations that Iran's program has been "obliterated" are less triumph than warning – don't ask for more – a signal that he's done enough and won't be drawn further in, says Alex Vatanka, director of the Iran Program at the Middle East Institute think-tank in Washington.

For all their rhetoric, Netanyahu and his hawkish allies offer no viable blueprint or roadmap for regime change, says Alan Eyre, a former US diplomat and Farsi-speaking expert on Iran. Unlike Iraq, there are no boots on the ground and no credible opposition that could topple the ruling elite, guarded by the powerful Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

The US may support Israel's military actions, even supplying advanced weaponry, but it is betting mainly on economic pressure and diplomatic leverage to force Tehran's hand. The result is a fragile standoff, with no clear endgame, the diplomats said.

Netanyahu sees a fleeting strategic opportunity, one that demands acceleration, not hesitation, the source close to him said. In his calculus, the time to strike harder is now, before Iran regains its footing, the source said.

Iran's air defenses are battered, its nuclear infrastructure weakened, its proxies decapitated and its deterrence shaken. But Tehran's window to regroup and rebuild will grow with time, says the person familiar with Netanyahu's thinking.

So for Netanyahu, this is unfinished business – strategic, existential, and far from over, the diplomats and the two Middle East officials said.

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Britain – joined by Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries – will enact asset freezes and travel restrictions on Minister of National Security Itamar Ben Gvir and Minister of Finance Bezalel Smotrich on Tuesday.

The sanctions ban Smotrich and Ben-Gvir from entering the country or dealing with British financial institutions, similar to what senior Russians have faced due to the war in Ukraine.

Israeli Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar said that "we were informed about UK decision to include two of our ministers on the British sanctions list. It is outrageous that elected representatives and members of the government are subjected to this kind of measures." He added that after his discussion with Prime Minister Netanyahu, it was decided that "we will hold a special government meeting early next week to decide on our response to this unacceptable decision."

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He called for "massive, unobstructed" humanitarian aid to enter Gaza, stressing that such assistance must be delivered neutrally and "not be subject to Israel deciding who gets to eat and who doesn't."

The upcoming Madrid summit will include officials from the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation. It takes place amid increasing European diplomatic pressure on Israel and as the European Union considers re-evaluating its cooperation agreement with the Jewish state. "We must consider sanctions," Albares emphasized. "We must do everything possible to stop this war."

Albares reiterated that humanitarian aid must be allowed into Gaza "massively, without obstruction, in a neutral manner, so that Israel is not the one deciding who gets to eat and who does not."

Europe ramps up pressure

Spain's call marks a shift in the European stance toward Israel. Since European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas succeeded the more Israel-critical Josep Borrell, the tone of European criticism had softened. However, the past several days have seen a reversal of that trend, with continued reports of fighting and famine in Gaza sparking renewed condemnation.

Leaders of the United Kingdom, France, and Canada issued a joint warning this week that their countries would take action if Israel does not halt its military offensive in Gaza and lift aid restrictions. "The Israeli government's failure to allow essential humanitarian aid for the civilian population is unacceptable," read the joint statement from the UK. "We will not hesitate to take further steps, including targeted sanctions," they warned.

Additionally, 14 donor countries to United Nations aid agencies - including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, and the UK - issued a stern statement demanding that Israel allow humanitarian aid into Gaza immediately. The statement emphasized that such aid "must not be used as political leverage or as a means to engineer demographic change."

The Prime ministers of Iceland, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia joined Spain, Ireland, and Norway in issuing a collective rebuke of Israel, declaring they "will not remain silent" in the face of "the killing of more than 50,000 men, women, and children."

Given that Europe is Israel's largest trading partner, Jerusalem is treating the Europe with increasing seriousness. The Israeli Foreign Ministry is undertaking a wide-ranging diplomatic mesures to stem this "European tide". Israel's Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar is in maintains contact with his European counterparts, and senior ministry officials are providing briefings in an effort to prevent decisions that could harm Israel diplomatically.

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Israel's requests to coordinate expectations with the supportive administration have been rejected outright not just once but several times, and the Republican Party has made it clear that this is an agreement to which Israel is not a party. This morning, it appears these concerns may materialize with reports indicating the US is closer than ever to a deal that might not address Israel's security needs. Trump is determined to return from his visit to the Gulf states with a major diplomatic announcement, and Israeli officials worry that an agreement with Iran could be that prize.

The options available to Israel are not good. On one hand, an agreement could provide Iran protection from continued attacks while preserving its nuclear achievements, with Israel expected to respect any US-signed agreement and not embarrass the American president. On the other hand – attacking Iran alone would be diplomatically dangerous and would not achieve complete results regarding Iran's nuclear progress or sufficiently set it back.

Israel demanded a significant part

There are disagreements with the US, not necessarily in rhetoric, where the American president has actually clarified his aspirations within the framework of an agreement, but rather in Israel's demand to be a more significant part of the process. These requests, as mentioned, were flatly rejected. "We are very close to a deal with Iran," Trump said today, adding that US demands on nuclear weapons have been met to a "large extent." What does this mean?

The fine print in the agreement is what worries Israel, alongside the American president's tendency to pursue quick agreements without addressing the implications for the entire Middle East, the balance between good and bad, etc. When Qatar, with its tendencies to support terrorism, is the deal's host, it's no wonder Jerusalem hasn't been sleeping well for a week.

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Let me share a tidbit in Persian – "An eqtesad ahmaqaneh ast." It's their way of saying, "It's the economy, stupid" – that game-changing phrase from Bill Clinton's 1992 presidential victory. Today, as we face off against Tehran, this economic weapon might just be the silver bullet we need – potentially powerful enough to bring down the Iranian regime with its toxic blend of Islamic extremism and state-sponsored terrorism.

Look, let's be realistic about Lebanon. We're heading toward another 1701-style arrangement, buttressed by international forces and a light Israeli footprint. And while eliminating Hamas Gaza leader Yahya Sinwar has shortened our path to some sort of arrangement in Gaza, let's not kid ourselves – any deal will have an expiration date. Why? Because Iran's fingerprints are all over virtually every terror group in the Middle East. Taking down Tehran's regime isn't just Israel's strategic imperative – it's crucial for the entire free world. And the path to victory? It runs straight through Iran's economic jugular.

I've spent years watching one particular economic indicator that tells us everything about Israel's security landscape and where we're headed. It's Iran's oil exports – a number that instantly telegraphs whether regional terror forces are about to bulk up or slim down. When global sanctions hit Iran's nuclear program, Hezbollah's allowance took a massive hit in the latter half of the previous decade. Then came the nuclear deal, unfrozen assets, and lighter sanctions – suddenly Tehran was raking in 50 billion USD annually from oil. No surprise that from 2016 onward, we saw Iranian proxies everywhere flexing their muscles: Hezbollah, Iraqi militias, Yemen's Houthis, and Palestinian Islamist groups all grew fat on Tehran's petrodollars.

The landscape shifted dramatically after Trump torpedoed the nuclear deal and cranked up sanctions. Iran struggled to bankroll its military ambitions and proxy networks. But when the Democrats took Washington in 2020, the sanctions pressure eased considerably. This year, Iran's oil sales hit the stratosphere, pumping in around 50 billion USD, with China playing the role of eager – and nearly exclusive – customer, happily scooping up discounted Iranian crude. We at Israel Hayom covered this extensively, but last month brought a stunning reversal.

The US Treasury dropped a bombshell – fresh sanctions targeting Iran's oil sector, but with a twist. This time they went after maritime shipping companies that help Iran play hide-and-seek with its oil exports. The scheme was clever – mid-sea transfers from sanctioned Iranian tankers to "legitimate" vessels operated by these international firms, essentially laundering Tehran's black gold.

When these new sanctions hit maritime transporters – including Russian and Far East operators – the impact was immediate and dramatic. The numbers tell the story: Iranian exports to China plummeted from 4 billion USD in August to a mere 1.5 billion USD in September, with October projected to sink below the billion-dollar mark. Do the math - that's a 40 billion USD annual hit to Iran's economy. The implications are seismic. If this squeeze continues, Tehran might not just have to cut allowances to its terror proxies – it could face outright economic collapse.

Well-placed sources in both Jerusalem and Washington confirm this economic offensive was a carefully choreographed move. During high-level discussions, American officials laid out the data for their Israeli counterparts, making a compelling case that striking oil facilities would be overkill. Gulf states, with Saudi Arabia leading the chorus, amplified this message, pleading with Washington to keep Iranian oil infrastructure off the target list – they're terrified of Iranian retaliation against their own facilities. Jerusalem, by all accounts, saw the logic.

But here's where it gets messy. While tightening the economic noose, Washington simultaneously floated trial balloons about reviving nuclear deal talks. It's a resurrection of the Obama-era fantasy that diplomatic overtures could somehow pull Iran into the Western orbit and derail its nuclear ambitions. The timing is baffling, given Iran's deepening embrace of Russia and China. A US diplomat told Israel Hayom this is just one card in a larger deck of options, emphasizing it would be discarded if other strategies prove more effective. The Gulf states are watching this diplomatic dance with mounting anxiety. According to Al-Hurra, the American Arabic network, these countries are fully behind IDF operations in Lebanon, Iran, and Syria, and support a muscular Israeli response to Iranian aggression – just keep the oil facilities out of it.

Looming over everything is the upcoming US presidential election. Every move, every response – especially from Jerusalem – gets filtered through this political prism. With Obama-doctrine adherents holding key positions in the Democratic foreign policy establishment, many in both the Gulf and Israel are hungry for change. Yet the Republican alternative brings his own baggage – notably, his puzzling non-response to the Iranian-Houthi assault on Saudi oil facilities back in 2019.

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