The Telegraph reports that coffee, once maligned as potentially harmful, has emerged as an unexpected ally in the fight against several major diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and dementia.

'Twenty years of research reveals coffee's protective effects'

Paul Rooke, executive director of the British Coffee Association, explained the dramatic shift to The Telegraph: "If you go back 20 years, there was quite a negative health picture attached to coffee. That has turned around completely, as people have worked out that some components released from coffee when it's roasted are good for your health."

Studies show coffee may help prevent multiple diseases

Research suggests that coffee consumption of up to five cups per day may help ward off heart problems, Type 2 diabetes, and dementia. Scientists attribute these benefits to coffee's rich array of compounds, including polyphenols, melanoidins, and trigonelline, as well as its surprisingly high fiber content.

Which brewing method offers the best health benefits?

According to experts interviewed by The Telegraph, different brewing methods offer varying health advantages

• Instant coffee: Higher in antioxidants but requires moderation

Dr Pál Maurovich-Horvat, director of medical imaging at Semmelweis University in Budapest, notes that instant coffee contains higher levels of antioxidants than ground coffee. These antioxidants protect against cell damage and include melanoidins, which increase beneficial gut bacteria diversity. However, Dr Maurovich-Horvat cautions about acrylamide content, a compound classified as a "probable human carcinogen" by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. McGill University researchers reassure that this only becomes concerning at consumption levels of about 10 cups daily.

• Filtered coffee: The heart-healthy choice

Norwegian researchers, analyzing 500,000 people over two decades, found lower rates of artery disease and death among filter coffee drinkers, with one to four cups daily providing optimal benefits. The scientists noted that unfiltered coffee contains 30 times more diterpenes, which can raise cholesterol levels.

• Espresso: Potential brain-boosting benefits

University of Verona researchers found that espresso may prevent the build-up of tau protein, thought to play a role in Alzheimer's development. Sophie Collins, a nutrition expert cited by The Telegraph, points out that espresso contains high levels of bioactive compounds, including caffeine and chlorogenic acid, which have been linked to lower risks of Alzheimer's, high blood pressure, and heart disease.

• Cold brew: The concentrated choice

Collins explains that the long brewing process results in higher concentrations of bioactive components compared to filter coffee. "The bioactives and the caffeine can be as high as espresso," she notes.

• Decaf versus regular: Both offer health benefits

Dr Maurovich-Horvat tells The Telegraph that decaffeinated coffee still provides health benefits, suggesting it's not just caffeine driving coffee's protective effects. However, he notes that "further studies with more detailed information on the type and preparation of consumed coffee are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms."

What happens when you add milk and sugar?

Regarding additions to coffee, Collins tells The Telegraph that while milk can provide beneficial calcium and reduce bitterness by binding to tannins, women should be mindful of consumption as studies suggest more than 300ml daily may increase cardiovascular risks. She recommends avoiding unnecessary additions like sugar and syrups, suggesting spices as healthier flavor alternatives.

Bean varieties: Health benefits remain consistent

Collins explains to The Telegraph that despite over 100 varieties of coffee beans, including popular Arabica and Robusta varieties, there are no significant differences in their health benefits. The key lies in the preparation method and moderation of consumption.

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A groundbreaking study published in JAMA Network Open has cast doubt on the widespread practice of taking daily multivitamins for disease prevention. The research, conducted by the National Cancer Institute, found that regular multivitamin use was associated with a 4% higher risk of death compared to non-use.

A bitter pill to swallow: Multivitamins may increase risk of death#health #wellness #diet #vitamins #HealthAndWellness #HealthyLife pic.twitter.com/niXV9IB0Q1

— Israel Hayom English (@IsraelHayomEng) July 1, 2024

The study, which followed 390,000 healthy Americans over two decades, challenges the common belief that multivitamins offer significant health benefits. Researchers divided participants into three groups – nonusers, occasional users, and daily users – and tracked their health outcomes for two decades. During the follow-up period, nearly 165,000 deaths occurred.

"In this cohort study of 390,124 US adults without a history of major chronic diseases, we did not find evidence to support improved longevity among healthy adults who regularly take multivitamins," the researchers stated. They added, "However, we cannot preclude the possibility that daily [multivitamin] use may be associated with other health outcomes related to aging."

The findings suggest that multivitamins did not lower the risk of dying from cancer, heart disease, or cerebrovascular diseases. This conclusion aligns with a 2022 determination by the US Preventive Services Task Force, which found that vitamin and mineral supplementation offers "little or no benefit" in preventing cancer, cardiovascular disease, and death.

Despite these findings, multivitamin use remains popular in the US, with one in three adults taking them, typically to prevent disease or improve health. The researchers noted that this popularity persists despite mixed evidence about their benefits.

The study's authors propose a shift in focus from supplements to whole foods. "Refocusing nutrition interventions on food, rather than supplements, may provide the mortality benefits that multivitamins cannot deliver," they wrote. "Vegetables, fruits, legumes, and cereal grains are staples in areas of remarkable longevity."

While the study's results are compelling, the researchers acknowledged some limitations. Participants may not have accurately reported their multivitamin use, and individuals with a history of cancer and other chronic diseases were excluded from the study.

The researchers also hypothesized that people who use multivitamins may have healthier lifestyles overall, while those with health issues might be more likely to increase their multivitamin intake. They did note that some specific supplements may offer benefits, leaving room for further research in this area.

As this study adds to the growing body of evidence questioning the efficacy of multivitamins, it underscores the importance of a balanced, nutrient-rich diet in maintaining overall health and longevity. It seems an apple a day will keep the doctor away after all. 

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