Marches and gatherings against anti-Semitism are taking place across France following a series of anti-Semitic acts that shocked the country.
Answering a call from political parties, thousands of protesters and several government members are expected to take to the streets Tuesday.
The upsurge in anti-Semitism in France, home to the world's largest Jewish population outside Israel and the United States, reached a climax last weekend with a torrent of hate speech directed at prominent philosopher Alain Finkielkraut during a march of yellow-vest anti-government protesters.
The assault came days after the government reported a huge rise in incidents of anti-Semitism last year: 541 registered incidents, up 74% from the 311 registered in 2017.
Prime Minister Édouard Philippe will lead the government delegation at the famed Republic Square. In addition to the marches, National Assembly President Richard Ferrand and the head of Senate Gérard Larcher will hold a moment of silence at the Shoah memorial in Paris.
French president Emmanuel Macron is not expected to attend but will deliver a speech at Wednesday's annual dinner by leading Jewish group CRIF.
"Anti-Semitism is deeply rooted in French society. We would like to think otherwise, but it is a fact," Philippe told L'Express magazine this week.
"We must be totally determined, I would say almost enraged, in our will to fight, with a clear awareness that this fight is an old one and will last a long time."
In other incidents this month, swastika graffiti was found on street portraits of Simone Veil – a survivor of Nazi death camps and a European Parliament president who died in 2017 – the word "Juden" was painted on the window of a bagel restaurant in Paris and two trees planted at a memorial honoring a young Jewish man tortured to death in 2006 were vandalized, one cut down.
Last Friday, two youths were arrested after they allegedly fired shots at a synagogue with an air rifle in the Paris suburb of Sarcelles, where a large Jewish community lives. Sarcelles mayor Patrick Haddad told BFMTV on Tuesday that prosecutors consider that the motive was anti-Semitism.
Political parties from across the spectrum will unite in Paris but Marine Le Pen's far-right party will hold a separate event.
According to sociologist Danny Trom, author of the book "France Without Jews," thousands of Jews leave France every year because of the rise of anti-Semitism.
"This is a low-intensity war, perhaps, but let's not forget the murder of children killed at close range by Mohamed Merah in a school," Trom told French culture magazine Télérama, referring to the murder in 2012 of three children and a teacher from a Jewish school by an Islamic extremist in the southwestern city of Toulouse.
"It is without equivalent in the history of France," he said. "Jews have been present in France since the dawn of times. Now, the pressure is such that they are led to consider their country inhospitable."
In a related development, Paris judicial authorities opened an investigation Sunday into anti-Semitic remarks hurled at Finkielkraut a day earlier as he accompanied his mother-in-law to her Left Bank home in Paris.
The investigation is being conducted into "public insult based on origin, ethnicity, nationality, race or religion" after a band of men in the protest march raged at Finkielkraut. "Go back to Tel Aviv," ''Zionist," and "France is our land" were among the insults captured on video.
The assault came days after the government said anti-Semitic incidents in France soared last year in what Interior Minister Christophe Castaner called a "poison" spreading "like a venom" and "rotting minds."
