Underwater archaeologists have been scouring the seabed where a gas pipeline is being built off Israel's coast in a bid to preserve relics near a 5,000-year-old port that once was a key trade hub for the Mediterranean's ancient civilizations.
The pipeline from the deep-sea Leviathan gas field, which is due to begin production late next year, comes ashore near Dor Beach in northern Israel, a popular spot among Israeli beachgoers.
It is also the site of the ancient port of Dor, where buried in the seabed are the vestiges of marine traders of antiquity, from the Phoenicians to the Romans.
To minimize damage to the relics, the Israel Antiquities Authority has been working over the past year with the Leviathan field's operator, Texas-based Noble Energy.
A team spent weeks scuba diving in the warm crystal clear waters off the beach, dispersing silt to uncover ancient artifacts. A remote-operated robot was used for searches in deeper water.
They found earthenware jugs, anchors and the remains of wrecked ships, setting new guidelines for similar future projects.
"There has been unprecedented cooperation to protect the antiquities and the cultural assets," Yaakov Sharvit, director of the Marine Archaeology Unit of the Israel Antiquities Authority, told Reuters TV.
Sharvit said Noble financed most of the archaeological surveys and a large research ship to help extract ancient objects along the pipeline's route.
The pipeline is being buried 15 to 20 meters below the seabed to minimize any impact on the surroundings.
Leviathan was discovered in 2010 about 120 kilometers (75 miles) off Israel's coast. Its development will be the largest energy project in Israel's history.
"What is unique here in Israel is the ancient place that we're operating," said Binyamin Zomer, vice president for regional affairs for Noble Energy.
"We work very closely with the Antiquities Authority here in Israel to make sure that should we discover such finds, we first of all avoid causing harm to those areas and secondly, to make sure that they are aware of the resources and potential finds that they have."
His company says the project will not harm the environment and will replace less healthy fossil fuels. But some local environmentalists and residents oppose the plan, which along with the pipeline includes a towering production platform to be built just 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) from shore.
Local resident and marine archaeologist Kurt Raveh, who has been excavating at Dor for decades and founded its diving club, thinks the survey that is being conducted is insufficient. He worries the area is at risk from potential pipeline leaks.
"We have so many treasures and old shipwrecks and things like that, we should get them out of the water before we can't enter the water anymore," he said.
