US envoys wielded hammers on Sunday to break open a new tunnel at a Jewish heritage site in east Jerusalem, signaling Washington's support for Israel's hold over parts of the city that Palestinians seek for a future state.
US Ambassador to Israel David Friedman attended the event along with three other visiting American ambassadors as well as US President Donald Trump's Special Representative for International Negotiations Jason Greenblatt, and Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.).
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The City of David Foundation unveiled what it called "the pilgrimage road," a 2,000-year-old main thoroughfare from Roman-era Jerusalem that served visitors to the ancient Jewish Temple. The multiyear project to excavate beneath the mostly Palestinian neighborhood of Silwan cost over $100 million, with donors including Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, Republican megadonor Sheldon Adelson and Oracle founder Larry Ellison.
Adelson attended the event, as did Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's wife, Sara.
Visitors will be able to "touch history" by walking in the footsteps of ancient pilgrims through a 350-meter (380-yard) stretch of tunnel along the ancient street that ran uphill to the Jewish temple, the City of David Foundation said.
But the presence of the American officials sparked new accusations that the US is helping Israel "Judaize" east Jerusalem. The Palestinians severed ties with the White House after Trump recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital in December 2017.
In a statement on Twitter, Greenblatt dismissed the criticism as "ludicrous."
"We can't 'Judaize' what history/archeology show," he wrote. "We can acknowledge it & you can stop pretending it isn't true! Peace can only be built on truth."
The competing claims to east Jerusalem lie at the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and are a frequent flashpoint of violence. Palestinian neighborhoods in east Jerusalem also suffer from prolonged poverty and neglect, adding to the tensions.
The City of David Foundation's excavations, located on the steep slope beneath the contested site known to Jews as the Temple Mount and to Muslims as the Noble Sanctuary, are part of a popular archaeological and tourist site the group runs in Silwan.
The site contains some of the oldest remains of the 3,000-year-old city, what many believe to be the centerpiece of ancient Jewish civilization. Some even claim it is linked to the Bible's King David.
"Whether there were any doubts about the accuracy, the wisdom, the propriety in President Trump's recognizing of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, I certainly think this lays all doubts to rest," Friedman said at the ceremony.
"Some people, not necessarily friends of ours, are obsessing about my being here," Friedman said, adding the excavation project uncovered "the truth, whether you believe or not … the truth is the only foundation upon which peace will come to this area."
But critics accuse the site's operators of pushing a nationalistic agenda at the expense of local Palestinian residents.
The project's parent group, Elad, helps settle Jewish families in Arab neighborhoods, raising suspicions that its tourism projects aim to erase the line between east and west Jerusalem. The Palestinians view the excavations as part of Israeli efforts to dominate the contested city.
Although Trump has said his recognition has no bearing on the city's final boundaries, the participation of senior American officials at an Israeli ceremony in the heart of east Jerusalem raised fears among the Palestinians that the US is recognizing Israeli control over the sensitive area.
"This is not a US ambassador, [he] is an extremist Israeli settler, with Greenblatt also there, digging underneath Silwan, a Palestinian town," chief Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat wrote on Twitter.
The new "pilgrimage road" has also drawn criticism from Israeli peace activists and archaeologists. Unlike conventional archaeological excavations, the City of David and the Israel Antiquities Authority burrowed horizontally along the ancient road, stripping away later periods as they went to expose remains from the period associated with the golden age of the second Jewish Temple in Jerusalem.
Emek Shaveh, an organization opposed to the politicization of archaeology in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, noted the lack of scientific publications on the subject and questioned the City of David's methodology. It said the project isolates a specific historical period and "does not enable us to establish with certainty when the road was built and how it fit into the layout of the city of Jerusalem."
Sunday's event came amid simmering tensions in east Jerusalem. Israeli police clashed overnight Sunday with residents of another Palestinian neighborhood, leaving at least 15 Palestinians and two officers wounded, officials said.
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