European powers accused Iran on Tuesday of "pursuing activities inconsistent with its commitments" under a 2015 nuclear deal and called for an urgent meeting of the parties to the agreement to discuss Tehran's compliance.
Britain, Germany, France, Russia, China and Iran are the remaining parties to the deal - known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action - which was abandoned by the United States last year.
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"These compliance issues must be addressed within the framework of the JCPOA, and a Joint Commission should be convened urgently," the foreign ministers of Britain, France and Germany, plus the European Union's top diplomat, said in a statement.
The European powers have not triggered a dispute resolution process contained in the deal, said diplomats, speaking on condition of anonymity.
The Joint Commission, chaired by EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini, is made up of the remaining parties to the deal and was created to monitor implementation and address any issues.
"Iran has stated that it wants to remain within the JCPOA. It must act accordingly by reversing these activities and returning to full JCPOA compliance without delay," the European countries said.
The 2015 agreement offered Iran access to world trade through the lifting of most sanctions in return for agreeing to curbs on its nuclear program.
The future of the pact has been in doubt since last year when the United States pulled out of it and reimposed unilateral sanctions. Iran has said it wants to continue to abide by the agreement but cannot do so indefinitely if US sanctions prevent it from receiving any of the promised economic benefits.
The deal's fate has come to a head in the past 10 days, after Iran announced it had amassed more enriched uranium than allowed under the agreement and said it had refined uranium to a higher purity.
Tehran argues that its steps are permitted under the deal as a response to US non-compliance. It has said it could take new steps in 60 days, including restarting dismantled centrifuges and purifying uranium to a sharply higher threshold.
Confrontation
The nuclear diplomacy is a central issue in a wider confrontation between the United States and Iran, which has escalated since the start of May when Washington tightened sanctions with the aim of halting all Iranian oil exports.
The dispute took on a military dimension, with Washington accusing Tehran of attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf. Last month, Iran shot down a US drone, prompting President Donald Trump to order retaliatory air strikes, only to call them off.
The European powers strongly disagreed with the Trump administration's decision to abandon the nuclear deal, and have since found themselves caught in the middle, trying to persuade Iran to stick to it without receiving the promised benefits.
The Trump administration argues that the deal agreed under his predecessor Barack Obama was too weak because some of its terms were not permanent and it omitted non-nuclear issues such as Iran's ballistic missile program and regional policies.
Trump's hardline policy is backed by oil-exporting Gulf Arab states, which consider Iran a foe and stand to gain from US sanctions that have removed Iranian crude from the market, and by Israel, which has repeatedly called on the European countries to reimpose sanctions.
