The U.N. Human Rights Council said Wednesday that 206 companies, mostly Israeli and American, are facing a review of their business practices involving Israeli settlements in Judea and Samaria, considered illegal under international law.
In a long-awaited report, which has been in the workds since March 2016, the UNHRC said more resources were needed to handle the complex and unprecedented task of compiling what some critics call an unfair "blacklist" and a sign of anti-Israel bias at the U.N.
Proponents insist that companies must be held accountable for their activities in the settlements, arguing that those actions can contribute to injustices against Palestinians.
The UNHRC said it had contacted 64 companies, but it would not identify any until all 206 companies had been contacted – and possibly not at all. Of those companies, 143 are based in Israel or Judea and Samaria and 22 in the United States. Of the 19 other countries linked to such companies, Germany is home to seven and the Netherlands to five.
Ultimately, the rights office's review could lead to a public naming and shaming of companies for their activities in Judea and Samaria and give a U.N. imprimatur to efforts championed by the boycott, divestment and sanctions movement.
"The violations of human rights associated with the settlements are pervasive and devastating, reaching every facet of Palestinian life," the report said. "Businesses play a central role in furthering the establishment, maintenance and expansion of Israeli settlements and therefore business enterprises may need to consider whether it is possible to engage in such an environment in a manner that respects human rights," it said.
Some 115 other companies were eliminated after an initial review.
Israel and the United States have been sharply critical of a resolution passed by the 47-member Human Rights Council in March 2016 that paved the way for the review – the first of its kind.
The resolution called on the rights office to create "database" of companies found to engage in any of 10 activities, either explicitly linked to the settlements or supportive of them.
"I urge all sides to avoid misrepresenting the contents of this report, which has been produced in good faith on the basis of the mandate laid down by the Human Rights Council," U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Prince Zeid Raad al-Hussein said, adding he hopes the database "will assist states and businesses in complying with their obligations and responsibilities under international law."
Israeli officials vowed to fight what they called a "blacklist," with Israel's ambassador saying the whole review process pointed to the council's "moral bankruptcy" and alleged slant against the Jewish state.
"We view the report, and the initiative as a whole, as fundamentally illegitimate," said Aviva Raz Shechter, the Israeli ambassador to Geneva. "It is, in our view, outside the competence and the authority of the Human Rights Council. This is kind of another instrument to pursue a discriminatory and politically motivated agenda."
In Washington, the State Department lashed out at "such biased and politicized actions taken against Israel."
"We have not provided, and will not provide, any information or support to the Office of the High Commissioner in this process," the U.S. statement said. "We strongly urge other countries to do the same."
Chief Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat said an Israeli and U.S. pressure campaign to block publication of the company names violates international law.
"We call upon the secretary general of the U.N. to publish the names of the companies that are doing business with the settlements," he said.
"Settlements are illegal according to international law and thus companies doing business with it should be known because what they are doing is illegal."
Advocacy group Human Rights Watch urged more resources for the rights office to continue its work.
"Today's report shows progress in identifying and communicating with companies that contribute to serious abuses in Israeli settlements in the West Bank," said Sari Bashi, Israel and Palestine advocacy director at Human Rights Watch.
Eugene Kontorovich, head of the International Law Department at the Kohelet Policy Forum, a conservative think tank in Jerusalem, said no international law was being violated by countries who do business in Judea and Samaria and said Israel was being singled out unfairly.
"The U.N. Human Rights Council is supposed to be about human rights, not Israeli wrongs, so to create a report just about Israel seems to go against its own mission," he said.
The report is to be debated at the U.N. Human Rights Council session of Feb. 26 to March 23.
