The United States demanded Tuesday that the status of tens of thousands of civilians detained in Syria during the country's 10-year conflict be made public and that the bodies of those who died be returned to their loved ones.
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US Ambassador to the UN Linda Thomas-Greenfield made the demand at an informal high-level UN General Assembly meeting on human rights in Syria where she denounced the "brutality" and "untold suffering" caused by Syrian President Bashar Assad's regime and the "appalling atrocities" it has committed.
"The Assad regime continues to imprison tens of thousands of innocent Syrians – women and children, the elderly, doctors and providers, journalists, human rights defenders," she said. "At least 14,000 Syrians have been reportedly tortured and tens of thousands forcibly disappeared."
Her demand for the status of detainees and return of bodies "with the time, place and cause of death" follows Monday's release of a new report by the UN Commission of Inquiry on Syria which said the Syrian government arbitrarily arrested and detained individuals and committed "war crimes and crimes against humanity in the context of detention." Other parties in the conflict also committed crimes by unlawfully and arbitrarily depriving individuals of their liberty, it said.
Today, @UNCoISyria publishes report looking back on 10 years of heinous violations & abuses in detention facilities in #Syria #humanrights Read there report here: https://t.co/SOHLTdK9dr (Arabic version to follow) See the full video here: https://t.co/BKayTKURH9 pic.twitter.com/vofBilo9Jh
— UN Syria Commission (@UNCoISyria) March 1, 2021
Karen Koning AbuZayd, who headed the commission of inquiry, said that in addition to the tens of thousands who have been wrongfully detained, thousands more have been subject to torture, sexual violence or death in captivity.
Despite the "staggering" wealth of evidence, almost all parties to the conflict "failed to investigate their own forces," she said.
"The focus appears to be on concealing, rather than investigating crimes committed in the detention facilities," she added in a statement.
Investigators maintained that the warring parties have continued to mistreat detainees held in "notorious detention facilities across the country," forcing them to endure "unimaginable suffering."
The report concludes that this has been happening with the knowledge and acquiescence of the governments who have supported the different parties to the conflict, and calls on them to bring an end to the violations.
"While the Commission has consistently urged such releases based on abhorrent, inhuman conditions of detention, the urgency is even greater now given that overcrowded prisons are likely breeding grounds for COVID-19, where detainees in fragile health may not survive," said commission member Hanny Megally.
Since Syria's conflict began in March 2011 with anti-government protests that led to a civil war, rival groups have been blamed for atrocities. They run jails where widespread violations are reported against detainees.
The Syrian conflict has killed nearly half a million people, displaced half the country's pre-war population of 23 million, including 5 million who are refugees abroad. Large parts of Syria are destroyed and tens of thousands still live in tent settlements.
Thomas-Greenfield said "the United States stands with the Syrian people, Syrian civil society, and a wide group of international partners in demanding accountability and supporting a political solution" set out in a Security Council resolution adopted in December 2015 which unanimously endorsed a road map to peace in Syria adopted in Geneva on June 30, 2012.
It was approved by representatives of the United Nations, Arab League, European Union, Turkey and all five permanent Security Council members – the US, Russia, China, France and Britain.
The roadmap calls for a Syrian-led political process starting with the establishment of a transitional governing body, followed by the drafting of a new constitution and ending with UN-supervised elections. In late January, UN special envoy Geir Pedersen expressed disappointment that five rounds of talks failed to lead to the start of drafting a new constitution, hinting that the Syrian government delegation was to blame for the lack of progress.
Germany's UN Ambassador Christoph Heusgen said a political resolution must be in line with the 2015 resolution, "but this political solution can only be reached if Russia, in particular, puts pressure on the regime to agree to a real political solution."
He called vetoes by Russia and China of a UN resolution that would have kept more than one border crossing point for the delivery of humanitarian aid to Syria "inhumane." And he said "it remains very disappointing that Russia blocked the International Criminal Court" from investigating possible war crimes and crimes against humanity in Syria, stressing that accountability is key to reconciliation.
Russian Senior Counselor Stepan Kuzmenkov, whose country is Syria's most important ally, dismissed the "unverified accusations, lies and conjecture" about the country's human rights.
He said it was "a pity" that speakers didn't talk about the real problems that Syria and its government have been dealing with – fighting against "terrorist groups" especially in northwest Idlib and "the illegal occupation of its territory by the United States and the violation of its natural resources."
"Today's meeting has nothing to do with international cooperation in the promotion and protection of human rights," Kuzmenkov said. "Accordingly, the discussion imposed on us cannot help stabilize the situation in Syria or international efforts to find a settlement in that country."
Mazen Darwish, president of the Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression, called for a nationwide cease-fire and an urgent meeting under the aegis of UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres of all countries concerned by the Syrian conflict to draw up a roadmap to implement the 2015 Security Council resolution "in its entirety."
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He told the assembly by video link there must also be an end to the death penalty, a list and inspection of all detention sites and detainees, and the release of all those arbitrarily detained, "first and foremost" women, children, the sick and elderly.
"There cannot be lasting peace in Syria without transitional justice," Darwish stressed.
"Äny attempt to achieve a political agreement which guarantees the interest of warlords, disregarding the grievances of victims that simply want justice will ultimately only lead to a new war for revenge," he warned.
