According to The Wall Street Journal, analysis of the photos by the Institute for Science and International Security, a Washington-based nonprofit that tracks Iran's nuclear program, suggested that the excavator was likely preparing an entry point to insert cameras or personnel into the craters formed by the American bombs, in order to assess the extent of the damage to the underground site.

On June 22, US long-range bombers dropped 12 massive "bunker-buster" bombs on the facility. The ordnance used were the 13,000-kilogram Massive Ordnance Penetrators, designed to pierce deep into mountains before detonating underground. The craters left behind by the blasts are clearly visible in the satellite images.
The effectiveness of the operation remains a matter of debate. While US President Donald Trump maintained that the facility was completely destroyed, American intelligence assessments reportedly concluded that Iran's nuclear program was only set back by a few months.