Fifty-one years have passed since one of the most hostile organizations toward Israel was established in Rabat, Morocco. One of the more prestigious committees in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, formerly known as the Organization of the Islamic Conference, is the Jerusalem Committee. Morocco's kings, the "defenders of Islam's holy sites in Jerusalem," have led these committees for decades. From Morocco's standpoint, normalization of ties with Israel is not just a renewed embrace of the Moroccan diaspora in Israel, but a stake with which it can improve the kingdom's standing at the Al-Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount, the third holiest place in Islam.
Morocco has for years expressed interest in the Temple Mount. It donated dozens of prayer rugs to mosques at the site. It also transferred funds, through the Jerusalem Committee, to renovate homes and complexes in the area surrounding the Western Wall. In March 2018, Morocco's Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita, the central figure involved in forging the understandings and agreements recently reached with Israel, visited the mount. The array of powers and map of players on the Temple Mount are expected to undergo a period of change in the near future. Israel's rapprochement with Saudi Arabia alongside its normalization of ties with Morocco, a Saudi ally, create a new axis of Muslim powers on the Temple Mount.
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Jordan, the current "guardian" of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem and on the Temple Mount, is aware of all this and more concerned than ever. Its status on the Temple Mount may be anchored in the peace deal it signed with Israel in 1994 and in the many understandings, both formal and informal, reached with it later on, but ever since US President Donald Trump's so-called "deal of the century" was released, competition over Muslim seniority on the Temple Mount has been taken up a notch.
For the Jordanians, guardianship over Al-Aqsa is not just about the longstanding legacy and religious and historical tradition, but more importantly, the central anchor that bolsters their monarchical rule, granting it legitimacy in the face of Islamic extremist elements in Jordan. A weakened presence on the mount, Jordan fears, will necessarily also undermine stability in the kingdom to the point of presenting an existential threat.
To all this, we will need to add Morocco in the near future. Under Morocco's current king, Hassan II, the Organization for Islamic Cooperation's Jerusalem Committee determined years ago that the status Jordan enjoys on the Temple Mount is temporary in nature. In response to this assertion, the Jordanian representative walked out of the committee's discussions and returned to Amman. Egypt and Saudi Arabia took Morocco's side at the time.
Israel is aware of the pan-Islamic sensitivity to the primacy Israel has granted Jordan on the Temple Mount. Under late Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, Israel offered then-Jordanian King Hussein to establish a multinational religious directorate on Al-Aqsa that would include representatives from Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and the Palestinians. It was proposed that the directorate would be tasked with managing the religious-administrative autonomy the Muslims enjoy at the site. Hussein agreed in principle, as long as Jordan was given priority within this executive framework.
And now, as noted above, a new player has entered the Temple Mount arena. Rabat and Riyadh, who are coordinating their efforts, will try to make it as difficult as possible for Jordan to maintain its status at the holy site, thereby also challenging Israel and the US on this super sensitive matter. The idea of a multinational directorate is not a new one to Netanyahu and his people. It could serve as the basis for talks to be conducted on this issue in the future.
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