Arab powers appear to be prioritizing close ties with the United States that are vital to countering Iran over traditional unswerving support for the Palestinians in their reaction to President Donald Trump's Middle East peace plan.
At a White House event on Tuesday with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Trump proposed creating a Palestinian state but demilitarized and with borders drawn to meet Israeli security needs, while granting US recognition of Israeli settlements in Judea and Samaria and of Jerusalem as Israel's indivisible capital.
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The plan diverges from previous US policy and a 2002 Arab League–endorsed initiative that offered Israel normal relations in return for an independent Palestinian state and full Israeli withdrawal from territory seized in the 1967 Six–Day war.
Saudi Arabia's response exemplified the careful balance now required from Gulf Arab monarchies, Egypt and Jordan which rely on US military or financial backing and find themselves aligned with the United States and Israel in confronting Iran.
The Saudi Foreign Ministry expressed appreciation for Trump's efforts and support for direct peace negotiations under US auspices. At the same time, state media reported that King Salman had called the Palestinian president to reassure him of Riyadh's unwavering commitment to the Palestinian cause.
Egypt and Jordan, which already have peace deals with Israel, as well as Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates used similar language that swung between hope for restarting talks and caution against abandoning long-held stances.
Morocco's Foreign Ministry said it "appreciates" the plan but added that "acceptance by the parties ... is. fundamental to the implementation and sustainability of the plan."
Morocco is a close ally of the United States and added in the statement that it hopes for "a constructive peace process" offering "a realistic, applicable, equitable and lasting solution" to the dispute.
Despite the Palestinians' rejection of the plan and boycott of Trump over perceived pro–Israel bias, three Gulf Arab states – Oman, Bahrain and the UAE – attended the White House gathering in a sign of changing times.
In a bitterly divided Arab world, backing for Palestinians has long been seen as a unifying position but also often a source of internal recriminations over the extent of that support, especially as some states have made independent, pragmatic overtures to historical adversary Israel.
Trump and Netanyahu praised the UAE, Bahraini and Omani ambassadors for attending the White House announcement: "What a sign it portends – I was going to say 'of the future' – what a sign it portends of the present," Netanyahu said to applause.
Critics were less kind, condemning the envoys' presence as a "shameful" abandonment of the Palestinian cause.
"No government or ruler wants to be seen to sell Palestine so cheaply and hand Netanyahu such a victory and, in fact, end up footing the bill," said Neil Quilliam, senior research fellow at Britain's Chatham House think–tank.
"At the same time, all states except perhaps Egypt are dependent upon the US and will not risk angering Trump, given his propensity to act like a petulant child."
Saudi King Salman has previously reassured Arab allies he would not endorse any plan that fails to address Jerusalem's disputed status or Palestinian refugees' right of return, amid perceptions Riyadh's stance was changing under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is close to Trump's son-in-law and senior adviser Jared Kushner, the plan's main architect.
Palestinian officials say Prince Mohammed, the de facto Saudi ruler, has pressed Abbas in the past to support the Trump plan despite serious concerns. Saudi officials have denied any differences between the king and crown prince.
Naif Madkhali, a prominent Saudi who tweets often in support of the government, blasted Trump's plan: "No and a thousand no's," he wrote under the hashtag #Down_with_the_deal_of_the_century.
In Bahrain, which hosted a US-led conference last June on the Palestinian economy as part of Trump's broader peace plan, opposition groups came out strongly against the proposal.
"Whoever today gives up the Holy Land of Palestine will tomorrow give up his land in order to preserve his seat," tweeted Waad party leader Ibrahim Sharif. "Treachery is a stab in the back and is not a point of view."
Any change to the consensus on refugees' right of return to what is now Israel and the Palestinian territories would reverberate loudest in Jordan, which absorbed more Palestinians than any other country after Israel's creation in 1948.
Palestinians, which by some estimates now account for more than half of Jordan's population, hold full citizenship but are marginalized and seen as a political threat by some people of Jordanian descent.
"The biggest risk is to Jordan, where sentiment towards the issue and rising levels of discontent converge," said Quilliam.
Analysts predicted most Egyptians would reject the plan but not present a problem to President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi's government, which has already cracked down harshly on dissent.
"I feel angry and helpless as an Egyptian, an Arab, a Muslim and above all a human," prominent blogger Zainab Mohamed wrote of Trump's plan.
The Palestinian Foreign Ministry criticized Arab countries after their generally positive comments on Trump's plan.
"Following the revelation of details of the American–Israeli conspiracy, it is unacceptable to hide behind ambiguous and murky statements in order to escape confronting this conspiracy," it said in a statement.
However, a spokesman for Abbas said later he had received calls from Saudi King Salman and Lebanese President Michel Aoun "supportive of the Palestinian position."
